Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a physician in Vienna who created the theory of psychoanalysis. Freud believed that we are aware of some of our thoughts, which are in our conscious mind,but we are unaware of other thoughts, which are in our unconscious mind. Sigmund Freud's ideas and concepts continue to influence how we think about the impact of early experience on later development.
Unconscious mind: The part of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings about which we are unaware
Freud believed the key to healthy psychological functioning lies in discovering the unconscious thoughts or memories associated with psychological symptoms. He believed in free association.
Free association: the process used by psychoanalysis in which one thinks of anything that comes to mind in relation to a dream or another thought to reveal the contents of the unconscious mind
Freud theorized that our personality is made up of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. According to Freud, we were all born with an id. The id operates on what Freud called the pleasure principle. As children grow older, they begin to become aware of the reality of the world around them and begin to develop the ability to think and control their emotions which is the ego. Sometime between the ages of 5 and 7, the child incorporates moral principles that work against the drive-motivated functioning of the id which are maintained by the superego.
id: according to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that consists of the basic drives, such as sex and hunger
Pleasure principle: the idea that the id seeks immediate gratification for all of its urges
Ego: The part of the personality that contends with the reality of the world and controls the basic drives
Reality principle: the psychoanalytic concept that the ego has the ability to deal with the real world and not just drives and fantasy
Superego: Freud's concept of the conscious or sense of right and wrong
Psychosexual Stages
Freud believed our most basic drive is the sex drive. The psychosexual stages were Freud's idea that at each stage sexual energy is invested in a different part of the body, and gratification of the urges associated with those areas of the body is particularly pleasurable. He labeled these stages the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.
Unconscious mind: The part of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings about which we are unaware
Freud believed the key to healthy psychological functioning lies in discovering the unconscious thoughts or memories associated with psychological symptoms. He believed in free association.
Free association: the process used by psychoanalysis in which one thinks of anything that comes to mind in relation to a dream or another thought to reveal the contents of the unconscious mind
Freud theorized that our personality is made up of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. According to Freud, we were all born with an id. The id operates on what Freud called the pleasure principle. As children grow older, they begin to become aware of the reality of the world around them and begin to develop the ability to think and control their emotions which is the ego. Sometime between the ages of 5 and 7, the child incorporates moral principles that work against the drive-motivated functioning of the id which are maintained by the superego.
id: according to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that consists of the basic drives, such as sex and hunger
Pleasure principle: the idea that the id seeks immediate gratification for all of its urges
Ego: The part of the personality that contends with the reality of the world and controls the basic drives
Reality principle: the psychoanalytic concept that the ego has the ability to deal with the real world and not just drives and fantasy
Superego: Freud's concept of the conscious or sense of right and wrong
Psychosexual Stages
Freud believed our most basic drive is the sex drive. The psychosexual stages were Freud's idea that at each stage sexual energy is invested in a different part of the body, and gratification of the urges associated with those areas of the body is particularly pleasurable. He labeled these stages the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.